Fig.1 The two copper plates of Peters Creek Mound.
(c.715 BC, Clairton, Pennsylvania) (Courtesy Ancient American.1)
In 1890 Peters Creek Mound was ‘excavated’ by amateurs in a single day. It contained two ‘skeletons’, two large copper plates and a number of other beautiful artifacts. It turns out the Mound tells two important stories. The first story deals with the copper trade from Upper Michigan across the Ocean to Europe, which lasted from the Fifth to the Twentieth Dynasty (2500-1200 BC). 60% of the copper was shipped along the Mississippi to the south, and 40% was brought via the St. Lawrence River to the east. A total of 24 million copper ingots were exported, including 2.4 million tin ingots (10%) from Bolivia. The second story deals with the Dardanus Flood in the Twentieth Dynasty. It was caused by a Comet Catastrophe, which lasted 40+40= 80 days. 3.8 million people perished, including 2.0 million men due to the chaos after it (32% of the world population). The total precipitation was c.5.5 meters of water. It happened during the reign of the 2nd king Ramses III (c.1159 BC). Peters Creek Mound was built at the end of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty.
Peters Creek Mound was an ancient burial mound which once stood at the mouth of Peters Creek, where it empties from the west into the north flowing Monongahela River. It was located at the town of Clairton, Allegheny County, 15 miles (20 km) SSE of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was a clay mound, probably circular, having a base diameter of almost 40 feet (12 m) and a reported height of 6 feet (1.8 m), but it had been plowed over many times in an attempt by farmers to level it. The local width of Peters Creek is about 70 feet (20 m), and the width of the Monongahela River is about 800 feet (250 m). The site is situated southeast of the Ohio River.1,2
In 1890 Peters Creek Mound was ‘excavated’ by amateurs in a single day! What they found might be called quite remarkable. In the center and at ground level the scarce remains of two skeletons were found, their ‘faces’ covered by rectangular copper plates (Fig.1). The large copper plate was lying almost north and south, inclining to the west, and the small plate almost east and west, inclining to the north. The ‘skeletons’ must have lain in the same directions, but crossing each other. The large plate is 16.8" long by 8" wide (43x20 cm), and the small plate is 14" long by 6" wide (36x15 cm). Their thickness is the same, circa 0.13" (0.32 cm). Both plates have rounded corners, but the small plate is reel-shaped (quadri-concave). This plate is polished at both sides, but the larger plate is only polished at one side. Near both skeletons a large lump of red ochre was found, each weighing about 5 pounds (2.3 kg).
Near the plates stone artifacts were found: a rectangular poll celt and two round poll celts, all three of comparable, normal size. A fully-grooved axe was clearly longer (Figs.2,3). Three small strips of folded copper were also found, as well as several large bear tusks, some of these covered with copper sheat, some with the copper sheat detached. Near the plates were found a hematite hemisphere, 60 disc shell beads, and three strings of large columnella beads, each 1.5" long by 0.75" wide (3.8x1.9 cm). A total of 28 of these drilled beads were recovered, which were made from the core of large seashells, such as are found on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico.
The first skeleton as well as its large copper plate each point to the north, which indicates that the meridian or NS-line through the site, at 80°E, is important. The second skeleton as well its small copper plate each point to the west, showing that the latitude line, at 40°N, is equally important. However, note that in antiquity latitudes were well-known, but longitudes not.1-3
Peters Creek Mound was erected at 40oN, because of the discovery of America in the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. The complementary latitude of 90o - 40o = 50oN refers to the 5th king Menkaure, who discovered America via the southern Aleutian islands, at about 50°N. In antiquity the use of complementary latitudes was very common. However, the Mound does not deal with the discovery of America, but with the copper trade across the North Atlantic Ocean. It started at the beginning of the Fifth Dynasty (c.2500 BC), as indicated by the mentioned complementary latitude, at 90o - 40o = 50oN.6-8
The two copper plates (and the other copper artifacts) indicate that Peters Creek Mound tells the story of the inter-continental copper trade. The two plates and the two skeletons each symbolize the start of the Twentieth Dynasty (c.1200 BC), when the copper trade ended. Each plate has two sides (front side and back side), twice confirming it. The two large lumps of red ochre confirm it. The two round poll celts confirm it. The two plates symbolize the latitude line at 20oN, halfway the latitude of the site (40o/2= 20oN), confirming it. The meridian or NS-line runs from Peters Creek Mound to the (northern) Ottawa Islands, at 40o + 20o = 60oN, and from the south coast of Lake Erie, at 40o + 2o= 42oN, to Mansel Island, at 42o + 20o = 62oN, twice confirming it.
The complementary latitude at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, at 90o - 40o = 50oN, just mentioned, is situated 50o - 30o = 20o above the Nile and Mississippi Delta’s, at 30oN, confirming the end of the copper trade at the start of the Twentieth Dynasty. It also shows the relative importance of the two copper trading routes in North America: a fraction of 3/5, or 60% of the copper was shipped from Upper Michigan along the Mississippi River to the Delta in the south, and a fraction of 2/5, or 40% of the copper was transported via the St. Lawrence Sea-way to the east.9-11 Note, that the large bear tusks, some covered with copper sheat, some with the copper sheat detached, illustrate the end of the copper trade.
The larger copper plate and the first skeleton were lying almost north and south, inclining to the west, and the smaller plate and the second skeleton almost east and west, inclining to the north. So, the northwestern direction from Peters Creek Mound to Upper Michigan is emphasized. Each of the plates has 4 edges, twice encoding the direction from the site to Isle Royale in Lake Superior, 40o - 4o = 36oNNW. It also corresponds to Cape Hatteras, the East Cape of the US, and the Strait of Gibraltar, the entry of the Mediterranean Sea, both at 40o - 4o = 36oN. It symbolizes the circle angle of the planet Earth of 360o, and the circumference of the Earth of 36 Egyptian Moiras. It stresses the worldwide importance of the copper trade!
The smaller copper plate has curved edges, indicating the curved latitude lines and curved meridians on the surface of the planet Earth. It confirms the long distance trade of the Michigan copper. Both plates have together 4+4= 8 edges, encoding Isle Royale in Lake Superior, 8o to the north, at 40o + 8o = 48oN. The meridian of Peters Creek Mound runs from Lake Erie, at 43oN, to James Bay, at 43o + 8o = 51oN, and from the coast of South Carolina, at 33oN, to the south tip of Florida, at 33o - 8o = 25oN, twice confirming this 8o distance in the NS direction. The south coast of Lake Erie, at 40o + 2o = 42oN, refers with its complementary latitude to Isle Royale, at 90o - 42o = 48oN. Isle Royale was the first source and primary symbol of the Michigan copper!
The small plate has the shape of a copper ingot. Its four edges are different from the four edges of the larger plate. The two plates twice encode an overall export of copper of 20+4= 24 million copper ingots (a number of 8 figures, see above). The two plates and the four sides of the rectangular poll celt, confirm it. The length/width ratio of each of the rectangular plates is about two, and together the plates have 2+2= 4 front and back sides, confirming it. The two plates symbolize the latitude line at 24oN (Florida Strait, Andros Island), halfway the latitude of Isle Royale (48o/2= 24oN), confirming it.12-16
Keweenaw Peninsula, at 47oN, is located 24o above the holy Tropic of Cancer along the north coast of Cuba, at 47o - 24o = 23oN, confirming it. It was the latitude of the Southern Egyptian Empire, and the center of the Sun religion. The Mound contained two copper plates and four important stone artifacts, confirming the total export across the Ocean of 20+4= 24 million copper ingots. The meridian runs from Peters Creek Mound to Southampton Island, at 40o + 24o = 64oN, and from the south coast of James Bay, at 51oN, to the east coast of Florida, at 51o - 24o = 27oN, and from the coast of South Carolina, at 33oN, over water to the isthmus of Panama, at 33o - 24o = 9oN, three times confirming the copper trade via the nine islands of the Azores. These nine islands refer to the density of copper, 9 g/cm3 (nine times heavier than water). The meridian runs from the south coast of Lake Erie, at 40o + 2o = 42oN to South Carolina, at 42o - 9o = 33oN, confirming it.
Copper ingots with masses varying from 10 to 30 kg have been found by archaeologists. So, in order to calculate the export, we have to establish the mass of the Standard Ingot. Isle Royale is located 8o above Peters Creek Mound, and the complementary latitude of the Mound equals 90o - 40o = 50oN. It shows, the Standard Ingot had a mass of 80,000 carats (a number of five figures). For a long time past both noble metals, silver and gold, were weighed in units of carats, corresponding with 0.20 gram. The carat is the constant mass of a seed of the St. John’s bread or carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua). So, the mass of the Standard Ingot was 80x0.20= 16 kg (35 pounds).
It means, that the overall export of copper across the Ocean appears to have been (24x16=) c.384,000 tons (850 million pounds). It has been estimated by others in the field, that a total amount of 250 to 500 thousand tons of copper had disappeared from the mining area. So, its destination can now be understood.13-16
In the Old World bronze was made by alloying the copper with 10% tin. The words ‘tin’ and ‘ten’ are even related. Peters Creek Mound is located 40o - 30o = 10o above the Mississippi Delta, confirming this percentage. Tin was a very scarce metal. Although generally unknown, a lot of it was imported from South America. The Mound contained a total of 28 columnella beads, referring to the mining area just east of Lake of Poopó, near the present town of Potosi, Bolivia, 28o below the isthmus of Panama, at 28o - 9o = 19oS. The overall export of tin was 10% of the copper, or 2.4 million tin ingots. Peters Creek Mound is located 40o - 33o = 7o above the coast of South Carolina, confirming the 7 figures of this number. It corresponds with the density of tin, 7 g/cm3 (seven times heavier than water). So, the total quantity was c.38,400 tons (85 million pounds) of tin.13-16
The two skeletons of Peters Creek Mound have two copper plates on their ‘faces’. So, the ceremonial Mound will tell at least a second important story. In the Twentieth Dynasty a major Flood happened, because of a cosmic collision of the planet Earth with the Tail of a Comet (or Comet Swarm). Peters Creek is symbolic for the Flood by this Comet, and the Monongahela River is symbolic for (the surface of) the Earth, which (already) contains a lot of water. In the Mound a hematite hemisphere was found. It symbolizes an earlier Comet Catastrophe in the Sixth Dynasty, at which half of the world population perished (c.2344 BC).
The 60 disc shell beads, which were found in the Mound, encode the South Cape of Greenland, at 60oN. The island of Greenland consists of stone and ice. Traditionally, it always was the symbol for the Head of a Comet. The North Atlantic Ocean below it was symbolic for its Tail. It contains a huge amount of water. The Nile and Mississippi Delta’s are located at the complementary latitude of 90o - 60o = 30oN. It symbolizes the 30 days of the month. So, the duration of the Calamity should be expressed in days.2,17-22
The two skeletons and the two similar plates each show the Comet Catastrophe was a two stage event: it occurred during two equal time periods. Peters Creek Mound is located at 40oN. It symbolizes the first time period of 40 days when the Earth was inside the Tail of the Comet. The falling stones were causing horrible forest-fires, and the melting ice resulted in torrential rains and worldwide floodings. It was completely dark on Earth. The second time period also lasted 40 days. The climate was completely disrupted. The terrible rains continued, but it also became very cold. So, the rains changed into ferrocious snow and hail storms. Isle Royale is located 8° above Peters Creek Mound, confirming the total duration of the Catastrophe of 40+40= 80 days.
The meridian of the Mound reaches the Ocean at the coast of South Carolina, 40o - 33o = 7o below the site. The width of North America at the level of Peters Creek Mound equals 38 Egyptian moiras (38°), encoding the 3.8 million casualties worldwide (a number of 7 figures). The two skeletons and the two plates each correspond to the (Central) Azores in the middle of the Ocean, 2° lower, at 40o - 2o = 38oN, twice confirming it. Peters Creek Mound is located at 40oN, roughly confirming the c.4.0 million casualties. It contains two skeletons and two copper plates, twice encoding the 2.0 million additional victims because of system collapse (lack of government). So, in total there were 4.0+2.0= c.6.0 million casualties!23-27
Peters Creek Mound contains two copper plates and four important stone artifacts, confirming the 2.0+4.0= c.6.0 million casualties. It contains 60 disc shell beads, confirming it, too. Cape Hatteras and the Strait of Gibraltar are located 6° above the Nile and Mississippi Delta’s, at 30+6= 36°N, confirming it, again. This latitude is symbolic for the circumference of the planet Earth of 36 Egyptian Moiras. It shows it was a worldwide Catastrophe! It ended all ancient civilizations on Earth, including the New Kingdom of Egypt.
Isle Royale is located 48o - 30o = 18o above the Mississippi Delta, encoding the original world population of 18 million men before the Disaster (a number of 8 figures). It is located 48o - 36o = 12o above Cape Hatteras, corresponding to the 12 million survivors, worldwide. Many of them were seriously injured. The meridian of Peters Creek Mound runs to the coast of South Carolina, at 33oN, confirming the total number of 18 - 12 = 6 million casualties, which is (6/18) x100= 33% of the world population. The complementary latitude of 90o - 33o = 57oN encodes the periodicity of this historical Comet, c.570 years (a number of 3 figures).
The south point of the Gulf of Campeche, Mexico, is located at 18oN. It was the center of civilization in Central America, also known as the Realm of the Dead in the west (Punt). It confirms the original world population of 18 million men. It is situated 30o - 18o = 12o below the Mississippi Delta, confirming the 12 million survivors.
Peters Creek Mound contains two skeletons and two copper plates, because the Dardanus Flood happened in the Twentieth Dynasty. The name of "Dardanus" means Third, because it was the Flood, in which one third of the people died. The two copper plates have three polished sides, because it happened during the reign of the 2nd king Ramses III (1159 BC, tree-ring dating). The two round poll celts and the rectangular poll celt confirm it. The complementary latitude of 90o - 40o = 50oN encodes the total precipitation during the Flood: about 50 micromoiras= 50x0.11= 5.5 meters of water. The Central Azores, at 40o - 2o = 38oN, mentioned above, consist of five islands, confirming it.23,24
During the copper trade America was a colony of Egypt (Atlantis). Dating of monuments was accomplished by dynasty and kings encodings (Adena). After the Twentieth Dynasty America became independent. However, it appears the usual way of dating continued (Hopewell). So, dating the Mound may be done by studying Egyptian history.
One should realize that a mound is the oldest form of a king’s grave. The large copper plate has a length/width ratio of 2.2, which might refer to the Twenty-second Dynasty. Isle Royale is located 8o above Peters Creek Mound, which corresponds to its 8 kings. So, it appears the Mound was erected at a later date.
Three small strips of folded copper were found, which might refer to the 20+3= Twenty-third Dynasty. The two skeletons might symbolize its two important kings, Padibast I, and Osorkon III. The two lumps of red ochre, each weighing about 5 pounds (2.3 kg), appear to show these two men were of royal blood. Padibast I (c.818-793 BC) reigned for 25 years, as shown by Isle Royale, 48o - 23o = 25o above the holy Tropic of Cancer. Osorkon III (c.777-749 BC) reigned for 28 years, as shown by the 28 columnella beads, which were found in the Mound.28
These 28 columnella beads also encode the date of the Comet Catastrophe, 28 years after the start of the Twentieth Dynasty, which is in 1186-28= c.1158 BC. This date was remembered during the reign of king Osorkon III, 400 years later, in 1158-400= c.758 BC. These 400 years correspond to the latitude of Peters Creek Mound, at 40oN. So, it appears the Mound was erected just after the Twenty-third Dynasty.
The small copper plate has a length/width ratio of 2.4, which refers to the Twenty-fourth Dynasty (c.727-715 BC). This number confirms the total export across the Ocean: 24 million copper ingots! The two copper plates in the Mound confirm the 24/2= 12 million survivors of the Flood! This number also agrees with the duration of this Dynasty: 12 years. So, Peters Creek Mound was erected at the end of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty, in c.715 BC.
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